Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte ? - 46 m (Ref. 2850), usually 9 - 12 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 39°N - 26°N, 124°W - 113°W
Eastern Pacific: Timber Cove, Sonoma County in central California, USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2850); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 20 Jaren (Ref. 39277)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 13; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 13 - 15; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 6 - 7; Wervels: 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Usually found on or near bottom in kelp beds or rocky areas (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.8 - 19, mean 16.7 °C (based on 63 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (tmax=25; tm=4;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.6 [20.0, 201.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.683 [0.269, 1.834] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.601 [0.260, 1.453] g/100g; Selenium = 52.9 [19.5, 171.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15 [5, 41] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.631 [0.321, 1.206] mg/100g (wet weight);