Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser demersal; tiefenbereich 0 - 425 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 52°N - 24°N, 131°W - 110°W
Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, Canada to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 29 - 39 cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2850); max. veröff. Gewicht: 1.5 kg (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Alter: 35 Jahre (Ref. 56049)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 13; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 13-16; Afterflossenstacheln 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 7 - 9; Wirbelzahl: 26. Head spines very weak - preoculars present, nasal, supraocular and parietal spines usually absent, postocular, tympanic, coronal and nuchal spines absent; chin projects outward; preopercular spines fairly strong; anal fin small and rear edge slanted posteriorly, 2nd anal spine short; body slender (Ref. 27437). Caudal fin moderately indented (Ref. 6885). Pinkish red to copper pink, white ventrally; lateral line in bright red zone; caudal fin dusky (Ref. 27437).
Adults frequent deep rocky reefs as well as sand and mud bottoms; young are pelagic (Ref. 36715) and occur in shallower waters (Ref. 2850). Feed on euphausiids (Ref. 6885), krill, small squids and fishes (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
Mehr Information
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 9.7, mean 8.2 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.24; tm=4; tmax=27; Fec=29,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [8.5, 73.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.242 [0.103, 0.603] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 1.34 [0.55, 3.24] g/100g; Selenium = 40.2 [14.5, 117.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [7.4, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.226, 0.756] mg/100g (wet weight);
