Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 40 - 110 m (Ref. 26938). Subtropical; 37°N - 20°N, 98°W - 75°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico in USA; south to Yucatan in Mexico.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251)
Males have first 2 dorsal spines extremely long, reaching to tip of tail.
Found from bays and estuaries to the mid-shelf. Neither anterolateral glandular grooves nor venom gland is present (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 27.4, mean 24 °C (based on 44 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00486 - 0.02360), b=2.99 (2.81 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 201 [88, 465] mg/100g; Iron = 1.74 [0.90, 3.35] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.711 [0.304, 1.916] g/100g; Selenium = 21.2 [9.4, 49.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [12, 91] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.15 [0.77, 1.69] mg/100g (wet weight);
