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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cyclopsettidae (Sand whiffs)
Etymology: Citharichthys: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); stigmaeus: Citharus for its resemblance to the related genus Citharus; stigmaeus speckled (Ref. 4930).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich ? - 549 m (Ref. 27436), usually ? - 91 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 59°N -

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Eastern Pacific: Montague Island, Alaska to Bahia Magdalena, southern Baja California, Mexico.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2850)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 75 - 97; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 58 - 77; Wirbelzahl: 34 - 39. Caudal rounded.

Found on sandy bottom, from near shore to 366 m (Ref. 2850). Little commercial importance because of its small size (Ref. 2850).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).

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Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 July 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 5.7 - 15.1, mean 8.9 °C (based on 49 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00325 - 0.01693), b=3.15 (2.97 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.52 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 169 [74, 363] mg/100g; Iron = 1.44 [0.65, 2.90] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.1, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.274 [0.141, 0.553] g/100g; Selenium = 42.1 [19.0, 95.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.5 [1.8, 32.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.811 [0.520, 1.232] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882