Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin récifal; profondeur 20 - 230 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 37°N - 6°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA (Ref. 7251) to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 36453).
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 78 - 87; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 59 - 67.
Found on soft bottoms (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.3 - 27.1, mean 24.1 °C (based on 129 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00384 - 0.01800), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.3 [12.3, 102.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.241, 1.108] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.070, 0.301] g/100g; Selenium = 21.8 [9.8, 50.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.9 [6.3, 143.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.586 [0.355, 0.927] mg/100g (wet weight);