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Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
White grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus aeneus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Epinephelus aeneus
Picture by Dammous, S.
Pictures | Stamps, coins, misc. | Images Google
Picture by Dammous, S.
Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie
marin; saumâtre démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 20 - 200 m (Ref. 3589). Subtropical; 39°N - 16°S, 17°W - 60°E (Ref. 54435)
Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: along the west coast of Africa to southern Angola (Ref. 5222, 57293), including the southern Mediterranean (Ref. 5222). First record from Corsica, France in 2012 (Ref. 95840). Records from the Canary Islands and Cape Verde are unsubstantiated (Ref. 5222).
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 55.0, range 50 - 60 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5222); common length : 60.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 26999); poids max. publié: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
Max length : 120 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5222); common length : 60.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 26999); poids max. publié: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Épines dorsales (Total) : 10 - 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 14 - 16; Épines anales: 3; Rayons mous anaux: 7 - 9. Diagnosis: depth of body less than head length, depth 3.0-3.6 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.9 times in SL; interorbital area convex; preopercle angular, 3.6- large spines at the angle, lowermost directed ventrally; posterior nostril slightly bigger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches nearly to vertical at rear edge of eye; pelvic fin origin below base of pectoral fins; rounded caudal fin; body scales ctenoid (Ref. 89707).
Adults are found on rocky or mud-sand bottom; juveniles have been taken in coastal lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 5222, 57293). In the west African waters, diet comprise of fishes (58%), stomatopods (21%), crabs (10%), and cephalopods (10%). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. The seasonal migration of the species off the coast of Senegal is influenced by the seasonal upwelling off Senegal and Mauritania. Utilized fresh and smoked (Ref. 9987). Highly esteemed in the market of West Africa (Ref. 5377).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Most females change sex at about 9 kg, but smaller males (of 3 to 5 kg) are occasionally found. Total potential fecundity was estimated to range from 789,436 ova in a 44 cm SL fish of 2.2 kg to 12,589,242 ova in a 87 cm SL fish of 12.6 kg. In Tunisia, sex change occurs at 10 to 13 years (6 to 15 kg, 80 to 110 cm TL).
Référence principale
Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Quasi-menacé (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 18 November 2016
CITES
Not Evaluated
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; Aquaculture: expérimental; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Plus d'informations
Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Population dynamics
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Anatomy
Surface branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Surface branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Génétique
Heterozygosity
Héritabilité
Génétique
Heterozygosity
Héritabilité
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outils
E-book | Guide de terrain | Clés d'identification | Générateur de fréquences de longueur | Outil de dynamique de population | Carte par point | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: génôme, nucléotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de données nationales | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquariums publics | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 14.8 - 20.2, mean 17.1 °C (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01029 - 0.01341), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.15-0.25; tm=5-7; tmax=17; Fec>1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 32.2 [14.1, 76.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.752 [0.370, 1.712] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.324 [0.182, 0.593] g/100g; Selenium = 37.3 [17.2, 85.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.6 [4.1, 75.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.761 [0.487, 1.222] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.