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Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Eponymy: Dr William Jacob Holland (1848–1932) was a Jamaican-born American Presbyterian minister, entomologist and palaeontologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Richardson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 67 - 87 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Western Pacific: southern Japan (Ref. 559), East China Sea, Taiwan, and the South China Sea.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 106604)

Bottom-dwellers that feed on invertebrates and bony fish (Ref. 9908). Depth range given by H. Ishihara (pers.comm. 07/07). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.3-6.7 cm long and 2.7-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41253, 41298).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Oviparous (Ref. 9908). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : McEachran, John | mitra

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Rentan, lihat daftar merah IUCN (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 06 May 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Other (Ref. 10311)

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan:

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.4 - 26.8, mean 25.2 °C (based on 82 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Okamejei hollandi (Jordan & Richardson, 1909)