Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त. Tropical
Southeast Pacific: Galapagos Islands and Peru.
आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 34024); common length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 55763)
Inhabit caves and crevices of rocky reefs (Ref. 11482). Oviparous, with oval pelagic eggs floating in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205). Grow to at least 10 cm (Ref. 11482); size of Brotula species is given as 'at least 75 cm' in Ref. 34024, which is followed here until better information becomes available (RF).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 20.1 - 24.6, mean 22.7 °C (based on 62 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00153 - 0.00942), b=3.13 (2.91 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Assuming tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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