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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: Brosme: Greek, brosomai, bibrosko = to eat up, to devour (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 18 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 18 - 549 m (Ref. 1371). Temperate; 83°N - 37°N, 75°W - 57°E (Ref. 1371)
Northwest Atlantic: New Jersey to the Strait of Belle Isle and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Rare at the southern tip of Greenland. Northeast Atlantic: off Iceland, in the northern North Sea, and along the coast of Scandinavia to the Murmansk Coast and at Spitzbergen.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 53.3, range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9988); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 1371); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 30.0 kg (Ref. 9988); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 20 Jaren (Ref. 1371)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 93 - 103; Anale zachte stralen: 62 - 75; Wervels: 64 - 67. Barbel on present on chin, none on snout, its length equal to eye diameter. Color is variable; dorsally dark red-brown or green brown to yellow shading into pale color on belly. Young specimens may have six transverse yellow bands on sides. Vertical fins with dark margin rimmed with white.
Found in small shoals on rough, rock, gravel, or pebble bottoms. Generally keeps far from the shore, near the bottom, mostly between 150 and 450 m in the northeastern Atlantic, and between 18 and 550 m in the northwestern Atlantic. Occurs at a temperature range of 0°-10° C (Ref. 9988). Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on crustaceans and shellfishes, benthic fishes (flatfishes and gurnard) and even on starfishes. Preyed upon by seals (Ref. 9988). Sold fresh, frozen as fillets or dried salted. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Spawns in shallower waters between 40-400 m, usually 100 to 200 m. Most important spawning grounds are located between Scotland and Iceland, from 200 to 500 m depth. In the Gulf of Maine, spawning grounds can be found in shallower waters (>50 m). Some individuals even spawn close inshore in Cape Cod, Provincetown Harbor and the Isles of Shoals (Ref. 1371).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 7.7, mean 3.6 °C (based on 726 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00411 - 0.00770), b=3.08 (2.99 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.1 (6.8 - 11.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.08-0.16; tm=8-10; tmax=20; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.45, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.68, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.1 [10.6, 44.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.308 [0.158, 0.657] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.376 [0.199, 0.688] g/100g; Selenium = 29.3 [14.7, 59.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.7, 41.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.364 [0.244, 0.562] mg/100g (wet weight);
