Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 1 - 100 m (Ref. 9830). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to the Philippines and Japan, south to New Guinea, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 93.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 559); common length : 150 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2871); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 7.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0; Wervels: 128 - 141. Body robust and eel-shaped; snout long; eye diameter 3 times in snout length (Ref. 4832). Head narrower, interorbital width about 10 times in head; lateral-line pores before anus 33-39; dorsal-fin rays before anus 47-49 (Ref. 9830). Posterior nostrils only slightly nearer to eye than to anterior nostrils; mouth very large; teeth generally large and conspicuous (Ref. 4832).
Found in coastal waters, including estuaries; sublittoral above 100 m (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 9830). Nocturnal. Known to attack fishers or anglers after being captured (Ref. 6590). Also caught by drift net and bag (dol) nets. Marketed mainly fresh. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942.
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Other
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.7 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2108 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00124 - 0.00337), b=2.92 (2.77 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Fec=17,475).
Prior r = 0.76, 95% CL = 0.50 - 1.14, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).