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Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)
Brownspotted grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus chlorostigma AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Epinephelus chlorostigma
Picture by Field, R.
Pictures | Videos | Imagem do Google
Picture by Field, R.
Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Issue
Common names may have to be split accordingly to former synonym japonicus and new species insularis), following distribution (Ref. 123820).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; não migratória; intervalo de profundidade 4 - 300 m (Ref. 11888). Tropical; 37°N - 34°S, 28°E - 169°W (Ref. 5222)
Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri
Western Indian Ocean: restricted.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 27.0, range 23 - 31 cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 89707); common length : 50.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5450); peso máx. Publicado: 7.0 kg (Ref. 4787); Idade máx. registada: 29 anos (Ref. 42001)
Max length : 80.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 89707); common length : 50.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5450); peso máx. Publicado: 7.0 kg (Ref. 4787); Idade máx. registada: 29 anos (Ref. 42001)
Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 16 - 18; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Live color whitish, with small dark brown spots on head, body, and fins except ventrally on head, thorax, and lower abdomen. Can assume a transient color phase of 3-4 rows of very large round dark spots on top of the small-spot pattern. 96-125 scales in longitudinal series. Pyloric caeca 26-52 (Ref. 04787); characterized further by having ctenoid body scales, except cycloid scales on nape, thorax, parts of ventral abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.3 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); interorbital slightly convex; preopercle angle rounded, 4-7 enlarged serrae at angle below a slight notch; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostril not noticeably larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; scaly maxilla, low step on posterior part of ventral edge; 2-4 rows of teeth in midlateral part of lower jaw, inner ones about twice the size of outer teeth (Ref. 089707).
Found over a wide range of habitats like seagrass beds and outer reef slopes (Ref. 5213), also on mud bottoms. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (mainly stomatopods and crabs). Sexual transition from female to male occurs between 35-45 cm, but not all females change sex. Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). E. chlorostigma is closely related and very similar to E. polylepis and E. gabriellae which seem to replace it in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Solitary (Ref. 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Sex change occurs at length of 46.4 cm TL and 3 years of age (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 6976.
Referência principal
Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 July 2023
CITES
Not Evaluated
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
FAO - pescarias: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Mais informação
Population dynamics
Parâmetros de crescimento
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversion
Recrutamento
Abundância
Parâmetros de crescimento
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversion
Recrutamento
Abundância
Life cycle
Reprodução
Maturidade
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundidade
Desova
Spawning aggregations
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Reprodução
Maturidade
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundidade
Desova
Spawning aggregations
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo de oxigénio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo de oxigénio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genética
Heterozygosity
Hereditariedade
Genética
Heterozygosity
Hereditariedade
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Ferramentas
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guia de campo | Chaves de identificação | Ferramenta auxiliar de frequências de comprimento | Ferramenta sobre a história de vida | Mapa dos pontos | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Espécies | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pescarias: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoma, nucleotídeo | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de dados nacionais | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia: ir para, procurar | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Registo zoológico
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.1 - 28.2, mean 25.8 °C (based on 1091 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00646 - 0.01697), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.17-0.19; tmax=29; tm=2-3; Fec = 1,014,818).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 19.5 [9.1, 41.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.234, 0.879] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.221] g/100g; Selenium = 53.6 [30.9, 95.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 139 [40, 484] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.75, 1.49] mg/100g (wet weight);