Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 8 - 30 m (Ref. 90102), usually 15 - 20 m (Ref. 48637). Tropical; 25°C - 28°C (Ref. 27115); 33°N - 25°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Marquesan and Society islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Vanuatu.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1602); العمر: 31 سنين (Ref. 52229)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 4 - 5; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 28 - 30; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 27 - 28. Distinctive humped back; horn only in adult males. A few scattered small dark-edged pale spots on postorbital head and body above pectoral fins. No white margin posteriorly on caudal fin. Profile of snout from mouth to eye strongly sloping, forming an angle of about 40° to horizontal axis of body (Ref 9808).
Inhabits deep coastal, usually in small groups but occasionally in large schools (Ref. 48637). Sometimes solitary (Ref. 90102). An uncommon species found in seaward reef slopes (Ref. 9710, 48637), also along rocky shores (Ref. 30573). Feeds on benthic algae (Ref. 30573). Caught with nets (Ref. 30573).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Spawn in pairs (Ref. 240).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.7 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 218 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00818 - 0.02439), b=2.93 (2.78 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (K=0.429; tmax=31).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.1 [13.7, 44.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.437 [0.219, 0.804] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.107 [0.065, 0.200] g/100g; Selenium = 36.5 [18.1, 64.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 54.9 [16.4, 168.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.26 [0.87, 1.79] mg/100g (wet weight);
