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> Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) > Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake; nagaredai: provided a series of photographs taken in his aquarium.
Eponymy: Bronson Hiroki Nagareda (d: 1976) is a biologist and aquarist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Randall & Hughes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser benthopelagisch; tiefenbereich 6 - 9 m (Ref. 79569). Tropical

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Pacific: Hawaiian Islands.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 82.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 79569); 106.0 cm SL (female)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 86; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 64 - 66; Wirbelzahl: 42. Predorsal scales extending to interorbital space; scales present on opercle and preopercle; three overlapping longitudinal rows of prominent sensory papillae on body; body depth at origin of dorsal fin 3.2–3.4 in SL; head length 3.15-3.2 in SL; mouth strongly oblique; edge of preopercle smooth except for a tiny spine at rounded corner; caudal fin joined only basally to dorsal and anal fins; normal life color dark brown, the sensory papillae on head and body white.

From caves off O'ahu and Hawai'i (Ref. 79569).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

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Randall, J.E. and Hughes M.J., 2009. Grammonus nagaredai, a new viviparous marine fish (Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 63(1):137-146. (Ref. 79569)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Daten mangelhaft (DD) ; Date assessed: 16 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00172 - 0.01163), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).

Grammonus nagaredai Randall & Hughes, 2008