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Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) >
Muraenidae (Moray eels) > Muraeninae
Etymology: Gymnothorax: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, thorax, -akos = breast (Ref. 45335); pharaonis: Named for the pharaohs, rulers of ancient Egypt, whose realm included the Red Sea; also referring to the regal appearance of this handsomely marked fish.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 2 - 30 m (Ref. 121606). Tropical
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea, also from Socotra Island outside the Gulf of Aden.
Size / Vikt / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 121606)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Ryggkotor: 123 - 128. This species is distinguished from by the following characters: head and jaws slender; teeth sharp, slender, and smooth; intermaxillary teeth in one peripheral and one medial series; maxillary teeth in 2 rows, the outer row with 14-20 small teeth, while the inner row with 0-6 large, depressible teeth; dentary teeth in 1 row with 2 large fixed teeth at anterior end, followed by a single row of 15-20 small teeth, and 1 large, depressible tooth just behind the large anterior teeth; total vertebrae 123-128. Colour brown with irregular dendritic pale markings, not interconnected or chain-like; the dorsal fin with oblique, conspicuous, parallel streaks (on tail) (Ref. 121606).
Cross section: oval.
Usual habitats of this fish are crevices and shelters of fringing seaward reefs, and may be seen out of shelter at night only. Female specimens as small as 22.3 cm were found with large eggs. Males appear to mature at larger sizes than females (Ref. 121606).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Smith, D.G., S.V. Bogorodsky, A.O. Mal and T.J. Alpermann, 2019. Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4704(1):1-87. (Ref. 121606)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00048 (0.00025 - 0.00091), b=3.28 (3.12 - 3.44), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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![Image of Gymnothorax pharaonis (Pharaoh\](/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_MURAENT1.gif "Image of Gymnothorax pharaonis (Pharaoh\")
