Achirus achirus, Drab sole : fisheries, aquarium

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相關魚種
- 魚種在
  Achirus
- 魚種在
  Achiridae
- - 分類 -
- Achiridae
- Pleuronectiformes
- Teleostei
- Chordata
- Animalia

Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Drab sole

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Achirus achirus
Picture by Krumme, U.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) 鰈形目 (Flatfishes) > Achiridae (American soles) 無臂鰨科 (American soles)
Etymology: Achirus: Greek, a = without + Greek, cheir = hands (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
The species Achirus lineatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 is cited as valid by Dennis et al. (2004: Ref. 51183) from Puerto Rico, followed by Eschmeyer (CofF ver. July 2013: Ref. 93826). However, a complete revision of the genus is necessary to sort out the difficulties. The distribution of A. achirus is referrred by Chabanaud (1928: 23) as "West coast of Americas, including West Indies. Cited from 7°N from 34°S.", and Cervigon (1966: 812) as "north and east of Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil" (data on both papers are coincident). Cervigón (1996: 16) states: "its distribution extends from Golfo de Paria to Amazonas". No papers dealing with Achiridae include reference to a punctual collection of A. achirus in Gulf of Mexico or West Indies; Meek and Hildebrand (1928) do not cite this species to Panama. A. achirus was described from Suriname, and there are records from Venezuela, Suriname (the original description and other papers which refer to it), and Brazil (Figueirerdo & Menezes, 2000, Rosa, 1980). A. achirus securely do not occurs in southeastern South America (Figueirerdo & Menezes, 2000), the most south collection was taken at Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil (Rosa, 1980). The probable distribution of A. achirus is the coastal areas from Venezuela to northeastern Brazil, but it's necessary further studies to make a secure statement on distribution of this species. As several achirid species, it is a marine species which occasionally enters freshwaters; there is at least on record of this species for freshwater (Tocantins River at Cametá, Pará state, Brazil). Ortega and Vari (1986) cite A. achirus for freshwaters of Peru (Amazon basin), but it is a misidentification, as this species do not occurs in highland freshwaters. In this area occurs Hipoclinemus mentalis, which is frequently confounded with A. achirus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 36739); 深度上下限 1 - 20 m (Ref. 51483). 熱帶; 25°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468)

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Western Central Atlantic: from the Gulf of Paria to the mouth of the Amazon river.
中西大西洋: 對亞馬遜河河口的 Paria 的從灣。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 51483); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 5217)

Adults occur in the littoral zone, down to 20 m depth, and on all sandy-muddy bottoms of estuaries, rivers and coastal streams where it penetrates far enough sometimes. They hide completely in the sediment, leaving out its eyes, in order to look out for predators and prey. Feed on small crustaceans and fish. Reproduction is like to occur between July and September (Ref. 35237). Maximum length reported to reach 37 cm TL (Ref. 5217).

成魚出現在海濱的區域,向下至 20 公尺深度, 與在河口的所有沙泥底, 河與海岸的溪流身上在那裡它有時候很遠地的貫透。他們完全地藏在被留下它的眼的沉澱物中, 為.尋找掠食者與獵物。捕食小型甲殼動物與魚。繁殖是類似在七月與九月之間出現.(參考文獻 35237) 最大的長度報告達到 37 公分TL 。 (參考文獻 5217)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

中西大西洋: 對亞馬遜河河口的 Paria 的從灣。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Ramos, Robson T.C. | 合作者

Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

無害處的

人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.5 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 940 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00579 - 0.01576), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

價格種類 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

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