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- Chanidae
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Chanos chanos
Picture by Gomen See@114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey
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Picture by Gomen See@114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey
Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Gonorynchiformes (Milkfishes) > Chanidae (Milkfish)
Etymology: Chanos: Greek, chanos, -eos, ous, and chasma, -atos = abyss, mouth opened, inmensity (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Chanos: Greek, chanos, -eos, ous, and chasma, -atos = abyss, mouth opened, inmensity (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; amfidroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898), usually ? - 15 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 15°C - 43°C (Ref. 43081); 46°N - 52°S, 19°E - 77°W
Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri
Indo-Pacific: along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20°C. Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 86.1, range 68 - 70 cm
Max length : 180 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9710); 124.0 cm SL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9814); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 14.0 kg (Ref. 9814); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 15 Jaren (Ref. 9814)
Max length : 180 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9710); 124.0 cm SL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9814); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 14.0 kg (Ref. 9814); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 15 Jaren (Ref. 9814)
Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 2; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 13 - 17; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 8 - 10; Wervels: 46. This species is characterized by the following: body elongate and somewhat compressed; mouth small and toothless; single dorsal about mid-level of the body; pectoral fins falcate; caudal fin large and deeply forked; no scutes on belly; branchiostegal rays 4. Colour of the body olive green dorsally; flanks silvery; unpaired fins with dark margins (Ref. 49, 117228).
Adults are found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally penetrate freshwater streams (Ref. 44894, 52331). They occur in small to large schools near the coasts or around islands where reefs are well developed. Eggs and larvae are pelagic up to 2-3 weeks. Older larvae migrate onshore and settle in coastal wetlands (mangroves, estuaries) during the juvenile stage, or occasionally enter freshwater lakes. Juveniles and sub-adults return to sea where they mature sexually. Mature adults spawn only in fully saline water. Larvae eat zooplankton; juveniles and adults eat cyanobacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and even pelagic fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are collected from rivers and are grown in culture ponds into juveniles which are marketed fresh, smoked, canned or frozen. Brood stocks can be raised and spawned in captivity to produce larvae in the hatchery (Ref. 12868). This species can thrive and grow in water as hot as 32° C (Ref. 9987).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Spawns in clear shallow waters above a bottom of sand or coral and at a distance of not more than 30 km from the shore. Females spawn up to 5 million eggs which hatch in about 24 hr. The larvae seek out clear coastal and estuarine waters warmer than 23°C with 10-32 salinity and abundant phytoplankton. Spawning and fertilization take place at night.
Hoofdreferentie
Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers
Bagarinao, T., 1994. Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fishes 39(1):23-41. (Ref. 9814)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 June 2016
CITES
Not Evaluated
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel; sportvis: ja; aas: usually
FAO - Aquaculture systems: productie, soortsprofiel; visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Meer informatie
Population dynamics
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Life cycle
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Spawning aggregations
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Spawning aggregations
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.7 - 29.2, mean 28.2 °C (based on 4182 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00651 - 0.01112), b=3.06 (2.98 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 2.6 ±0.18 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (tm=4-8; tmax=15; Fec=200,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 46.4 [25.2, 89.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.661 [0.361, 1.169] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [15.5, 22.5] %; Omega3 = 0.111 [0.053, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 87.2 [39.4, 201.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.4 [3.5, 34.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.39 [0.95, 2.06] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.