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Pastinachus sephen (Fabricius, 1775)
Cowtail stingray
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Pastinachus sephen AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Pastinachus sephen
Picture by Randall, J.E.
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Picture by Randall, J.E.
Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Hypolophinae
Etymology: Pastinachus: Latin, pastinaca = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Pastinachus: Latin, pastinaca = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
Issue
This species which is similar to Pastinachus ater, an Indo-West Pacific species, is found only in Northwestern Indian Ocean. Erroneous information will be deleted.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre récifal; amphidrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 60 m (Ref. 6871). Tropical
Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Northwestern Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Pakistan.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 98.0, range 96 - 100 cm
Max length : 183 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 37816); common length : 65.0 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 27550)
Max length : 183 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 37816); common length : 65.0 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 27550)
Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0. A large, plain, dark stingray with an angular snout and pectoral disc; tail long and broad-based, less than twice body length, and with no upper caudal finfold but with high lower caudal finfold- 2 to 3 times depth of tail but not reaching tail tip; no large thorns; 1 or 2 long stings on tail, further behind tail base than in most stingrays; unique hexagonal, high-crowned teeth (Ref. 5578). Dark brown or black dorsally without conspicuous markings, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). Tail black (Ref. 3263).
Found in lagoons, reef flats, and reef faces (Ref. 12951). Also in rivers far from the sea (Ref. 5578). Feeds on bony fishes, worms, shrimp, and crabs (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Adults are sometimes accompanied by remoras or members of the trevally family (Ref. 6871). Size at birth about 18 cm WD or larger (Ref. 6871). Flesh utilized as food and skin used for polishing wood (Ref. 4832). Possibly caught by sports anglers (Ref. 5578). Recently there is a targeted fishery on this species for its skin, which is used as 'shagreen' in fashion accessories, from wallets to fancy pens; as a result, the species is in danger of disappearance (IHT 26.11.2005, p.5). Maximum length about 300 cm TL (Ref. 30573).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at birth ~ 18 cm WD (Ref.58048).
Référence principale
Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : McEachran, John | Collaborateurs
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Quasi-menacé (NT) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 07 February 2017
CITES
Not Evaluated
Menace pour l'homme
Venomous
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; Aquarium: Commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
Plus d'informations
Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Population dynamics
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Génétique
Heterozygosity
Héritabilité
Génétique
Heterozygosity
Héritabilité
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outils
E-book | Guide de terrain | Clés d'identification | Générateur de fréquences de longueur | Outil de dynamique de population | Carte par point | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: génôme, nucléotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1694 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref. 120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 8.51 [1.64, 34.97] mg/100g; Iron = 0.364 [0.085, 0.964] mg/100g; Protein = 22.9 [19.9, 26.0] %; Omega3 = 0.102 [0.029, 0.298] g/100g; Selenium = 31.4 [9.0, 84.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [12, 99] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.851 [0.416, 1.706] mg/100g (wet weight);