分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 180 m (Ref. 9710). 热带; 35°N - 31°S, 33°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 东非到夏威夷群岛, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 45.0, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 112 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7196); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 15.4 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 32 年 (Ref. 125573)
背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and robust; very distinct horizontal groove on snout ventral to nostrils; teeth in both jaws in bands, with strong canines anteriorly; teeth on roof of mouth in chevron- or crescent-shaped patch on vomer and in elongate band on each palatine; maxilla without scales or longitudinal ridges; interorbital region flattened; gill rakers on first gill arch 7-8 + 13-16 = 20-24; preopercular edge smooth, sometimes denticulated in juveniles; last soft ray of both dorsal and anal fins well produced, longer than next to last ray; caudal fin forked; short pectoral fins, less than 1/2 length of head, about equal to length of snout; D X,11 soft rays; membranes of dorsal and anal fins without scales; tubed lateral-line scales 48-50. Colour of body dark green, bluish, or grey-blue (Ref. 55, 9821).
前鳃盖骨边缘平滑的或有时有小齿的在稚鱼中。 有在眼睛前面中的一个明显的水平凹槽。 背鳍与臀鳍没有鳞片。 鳞片列背面与侧线平行。 色彩深绿色的到蓝色或蓝灰色。
Adults inhabit open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Found in benthopelagic waters (Ref. 58302). Usually seen singly, but also in groups. They feed mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps, crabs, cephalopods and planktonic organisms (Ref. 30573, 48635). Mainly marketed fresh but also dried and salted. Excellent eating. Large individuals may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816).
栖息于深泻湖，峡道或临海礁石的开放水域。 (参考文献 9710) 通常各别地见到, 也成群。 主要吃鱼, 也捕食虾，螃蟹，头足类动物与浮游生物生物.(参考文献 30573,48635) 主要地在市场上销售生鲜地了也乾燥与盐腌的。 优良的食用鱼。 大的个体可能具有热带海鱼毒.(参考文献 37816)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 东非到夏威夷群岛, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.9 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 2222 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01193 - 0.01673), b=2.94 (2.89 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 (3.3 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29; tm=4-5).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.1 [9.1, 35.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.514 [0.226, 0.991] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.091, 0.252] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [20.9, 75.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 87.7 [31.2, 272.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [0.42, 2.27] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
