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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Epinnula: Refers to the lack of spinules (or finlets).
More on author: Poey.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 100 - 185 m (Ref. 58302). Tropical; 38°N - 19°S, 109°E - 74°W (Ref. 6181)
Western Central Atlantic: Caribbean Sea.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6181); common length : 45.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6181)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 16; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 17 - 20; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 13 - 17; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 32. Dorsal profile of head slightly elevated in front of anterior nostril, then nearly straight to origin of dorsal fin. Preopercle with two sharp spines at its lower angle. The mouth has several fangs, and a pair of large canines near the tip of the lower jaw which are exposed when the mouth is closed. Lateral line double, the lower branching off under the 5th or 6th dorsal spine. Overall color is grayish blue with the head being slightly darker than the body.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Rare species, probably mesobenthopelagic. Consumed as food (Ref. 4537). Reported to have been taken from 200-350 m in Jamaica (J. Tame pers. Comm. 08/16).
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: perikanan swasembada
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 17.6 - 25.4, mean 20.3 °C (based on 77 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00424 - 0.02467), b=3.00 (2.79 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
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