Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Eponymy: Dr Johann Horkel (1769–1846) was a German physician and botanist who had an example of this species, preserved in alcohol, that he provided to the authors. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 150 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 24°S - 41°S, 63°W - 55°W (Ref. 114953)
Western South Atlantic: From Rio de Janeiro to Argentina.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 138 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 57911); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6077)
Nostrils are longer, crown is flat transversely or even slightly convex, tubercles in median row are larger, thorn like, numerous. Origin of first dorsal is posterior to the tips of pelvic fins, equal to the base of first dorsal. Upper surface uniform olive gray or chocolate brown, without pale or dark markings. Snout with an oval sooty patch (Ref. 6902).
Found from the coast line to the continental edge. Females mature at ca. 90 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes and small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of 4-12 pups (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.6 - 22.7, mean 15.6 °C (based on 248 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00134 - 0.00591), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=4-12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
