分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); longimanus: longus (L.), long; manus (L.) hand, referring to its long paddle-like pectoral fins. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1082 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 152 m (Ref. 55185). 亞熱帶的; 18°C - 28°C (Ref. 244); 46°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6871)
Circumglobal in tropical and warm-temperate waters Ref. 244). Highly migratory species.
四海為家的人.(參考文獻 26340) 西大西洋: 美國緬因州到阿根廷; 也在墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到幾內亞灣; 可能地出現在地中海。 印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷，薩摩亞語，大溪地島與 Tuamoto 島。 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥島。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 195.7, range 180 - 226 cm
Max length : 400 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89972); common length : 270 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9253); 最大體重: 167.4 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 22 年 (Ref. 31395)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A stocky shark with a huge, rounded 1st dorsal fin, and long, wide-tipped pectoral fins; snout bluntly rounded; upper teeth triangular; interdorsal ridge present (Ref. 5578). Back usually dark grey with a bronze tinge, sometimes brown or bluish; belly whitish, sometimes with a yellow tinge; tips off first dorsal, pectorals, and lower lobe of caudal often white or with white spots (sometimes absent); ventral surface of pelvic fins, apices of anal and second dorsal, and ventral lobe of caudal often with black spots; black or dusky saddle-marks in front of second dorsal, upper margin of caudal and between dorsal fins (especially in young) (Ref. 9997).
一矮胖的鯊魚有一個極大又圓形的第一背鰭 , 與長又頂端寬的胸鰭; 吻鈍地圓的; 上顎齒三角形的; 間背脊呈現。 (參考文獻 5578) 背面通常深灰色的具有一個青銅色的淡色, 有時褐色或藍色的; 腹面微白色的, 有時有一個淡黃的色彩; 第一背鰭的尖端，胸鰭與尾鰭下葉時常白色或有白色的斑點;(有時不存在) 腹鰭的腹面, 頂點肛門的與第二背鰭 , 與腹面葉尾部的時常有黑色的斑點; 在第二背鰭之前的黑色或暗色的鞍狀標記, 尾鰭上緣與在背鰭 (尤其當幼魚時) 之間.(參考文獻 9997)
An oceanic deep-water species which sometimes comes close to shore (Ref. 244). Found surface to depths of at least 150 m (Ref. 26938). Epipelagic usually over water depths of >184 meters (Ref. 58302). Frequently accompanied by Remora, Coryphaena, pilot fishes (Ref. 30573), and tortoises. Feeds oceanic bony fishes, also threadfins, stingrays, sea turtles, sea birds, gastropods, squid, crustaceans, mammalian carrion and garbage (Ref. 5578), including tuna and mahimahi (Ref. 1602, 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). There is pronounced partial segregation by size and sex in some areas. This is an active, almost fearless shark also charged in human attacks (Ref. 244). Probably responsible for many open-ocean attacks after air or sea disasters (Ref. 6871). Utilized fresh, frozen (Ref. 9987), smoked, and dried-salted for human consumption; hides for leather, fins for fin soup, liver oil for vitamins, also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 244). 1 to 15 young, 60 to 65 cm, are born per litter (Ref. 1602).
有時游到近岸的一個大洋性的深水域種.(參考文獻 244) 發現表面到深度至少 150 公尺。 (參考文獻 26938) 表層帶通常在水深度 >184 公尺上面。 (參考文獻 58302) 時常伴隨著 印魚 ， Coryphaena ，飛行員魚 (參考文獻 30573) 與龜.。 捕食海洋性的硬骨魚類, 也 threadfins ，魟，海龜，海鳥，腹足動物，烏賊，甲殼動物, 哺乳動物腐肉與垃圾 (參考文獻 5578), 包括鮪魚與鬼頭刀.(參考文獻 1602,37816) 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 有明顯的部分分離依大小與在一些地區的性別。 這是也被指控攻擊人類的一隻活躍又幾乎大膽的鯊魚。 (參考文獻 244) 空難或海難後的可能許多開放性海域攻擊的原因.(參考文獻 6871) 生鮮使用，被煙燻的冷凍 (參考文獻 9987) 與乾燥鹽醃供人類消費; 皮用做皮革，鰭用於鰭湯 , 肝油用於維他命, 也加工成魚粉。 (參考文獻 244) 1 到 15個幼魚 , 60 到 65 公分, 出生每胎。 (參考文獻 1602)
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Litter size 1-15 pups; 60-65 cm at birth (Ref. 244). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).四海為家的人.(參考文獻 26340) 西大西洋: 美國緬因州到阿根廷; 也在墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到幾內亞灣; 可能地出現在地中海。 印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷，薩摩亞語，大溪地島與 Tuamoto 島。 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥島。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 07 November 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 28.9, mean 26.8 °C (based on 6810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00631 - 0.01659), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.1; tm=7; tmax=22; Fec=1).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.66 [1.45, 44.26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.723 [0.193, 2.260] mg/100g; Protein = 22.4 [19.6, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.106, 0.652] g/100g; Selenium = 26 [8, 75] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.58 [2.21, 19.27] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.172, 0.669] mg/100g (wet weight);
