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Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858
Senegalese sole
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Solea senegalensis AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Solea senegalensis
Female picture by Canosa, C. & B.F. Souto
Pictures | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Female picture by Canosa, C. & B.F. Souto
Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Solea: Latin, solea = sandal (shoe); refered to the flat shape of the fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kaup.
Etymology: Solea: Latin, solea = sandal (shoe); refered to the flat shape of the fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kaup.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 12 - 100 m (Ref. 5304). Tropical; 47°N - 16°S, 19°W - 14°E
Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: Mainly Central Atlantic (from France to Angola). Western Mediterranean: Herculean migrant (entered the Mediterranean via Gibraltar) (Ref. 43448).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5304); common length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 26999)
Max length : 60.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5304); common length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 26999)
Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 72 - 95; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 60 - 75; Ryggkotor: 44 - 46. Last ray of dorsal and anal fins joined by a low membrane to the base of the caudal fin. Supratemporal branch of lateral line forming an arch. Anterior nostril on the blind side not enlarged, its diameter about half that of the eye; it is situated rather close to the front margin of head, the distance slightly greater than that separating the nostril from the mouth cleft, 1:1-1.4. Length of scales above nasal tube on ocular side much less than the length of the tube. Gill rakers like short knobs on first gill arch on ocular side. Pectoral fin on the ocular side with a black botch over the whole middle and distal part of the fin; blind side whitish (Ref. 32649).
Flatfish with oval and asymmetric body (eyes on the right side). Interradial membrane on the pectoral fin on the eye
side is of black colour(A). This feature distinguishes it from common sole (Solea soled), which has a big black compact spot on the posterior side of this fin. In the Atlantic, from the Gulf of Biscay to the coasts of Senegal. Less frequent in the Western Meditarranean.
A predominantly littoral species. Benthonic marine species living in sandy or muddy bottoms, off coastal areas up to
100 m depth and in brackish lakes.Feeds basically on benthonic invertebrate, such as larvae from polychaets and
bivalve molluscs. Also on small crustaceans.Sexual maturity is reached when size is 30 cm. Spawning happens beween the months of March until June. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 127989.
Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Main reference
Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare
Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 15 July 2014
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: experimentell
FAO - Aquaculture systems: produktion; ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Ytterligare information
Population dynamics
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Rekrytering
Abundans
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Rekrytering
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Lek
Spawning aggregations
Ägg
Egg development
Larver
Larvdynamik
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Lek
Spawning aggregations
Ägg
Egg development
Larver
Larvdynamik
Anatomy
Gälyta
Brain
Otolith
Gälyta
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Syreförbrukning
Swimming type
Simhastighet
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Syreförbrukning
Swimming type
Simhastighet
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetik
Heterozygosity
Ärftlighet
Genetik
Heterozygosity
Ärftlighet
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Verktyg
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Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.6 - 21.6, mean 18.6 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00541 - 0.01222), b=3.06 (2.94 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 125 [47, 316] mg/100g; Iron = 0.902 [0.386, 1.792] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.4, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.066, 0.233] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [10.7, 97.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.4, 40.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.654 [0.349, 1.413] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.