(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads (See ETYFish); media: Latin for middle, allusion not explained, probably referring to its oculonarial expanse being “roughly intermediate in shape between that of hammerheads [subgenus Sphyrna] and shovelheads [subgenus Platysqualus]” (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 8 - ? m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 35°N - 34°S, 118°W - 31°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to southern Brazil. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Ecuador and probably northern Peru.
Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5217); common length : 100.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5217)
Little-known. Found in inshore areas over the continental shelves. Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Utilized fresh for human consumption and for fishmeal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Traumatogenic
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5006 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00153 - 0.00788), b=3.12 (2.93 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 4.0 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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