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Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Tylosurus: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Péron & Lesueur.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 13 m (Ref. 58302). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 21°N - 1°N
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa (Ref. 5317) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) to French Polynesia (Ref. 6784), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to New South Wales, Australia (Ref. 33390). Replaced by Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator in the eastern Pacific. Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: Fernando Poo, Cameroon, Liberia, and Ascension Island (Ref. 5757); from Senegal and Guinea (Ref. 28587); and Cape Verde (Ref. 27000). Recorded from the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 83387).
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 51.7, range 50 - 55 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 30573); common length : 90.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9682); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 6.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 21 - 24; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 19 - 22; مهره ها: 75 - 80. This species with is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate, circular in cross-section; D 21-24 with anterior rays forming a relatively high lobe, 5.4-10.6 body length (excluding the head and caudal fin); dorsal fin origin about equal with or slightly in front to anal fin origin; A 19-22 with anterior rays forming a relatively high lobe, in 5.5-8.0 in BL; pectoral-fin rays 13 to 15 (usually 14 or 15); 270-340 predorsal scales; 75-80 vertebrae; jaws extremely long, forming a stout beak armed with very sharp teeth; no gill rakers absent; caudal fin deeply emarginate, the lower lobe much longer than the upper one and the caudal peduncle with a distinct, black lateral keel; body colour dark bluish green above, silvery below; juveniles (to 20 cm body length) with elevated black lobe in posterior part of dorsal fin which is lost with growth; scales and bones green (Ref. 9682, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
A pelagic species (Ref. 26340) found over lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on fishes (Ref. 11889). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Feared by fishers because they can cause puncture wounds with their sharp snouts when jumping out of the water, e.g. when alarmed or attracted to lights at night. Although sold fresh and considered a good food fish, its market is limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). Widespread in tropical Indo-Pacific, divisible in two subspecies (Ref 90102). Caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures; also with purse seines and drift nets (Ref. 9682).
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
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منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 27.1 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 1591 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00112 (0.00093 - 0.00136), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.86, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (91 of 100).
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مواد مغذی (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [13.1, 198.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.220, 1.403] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [13.7, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.046, 0.331] g/100g; Selenium = 39.2 [19.0, 90.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 176 [28, 893] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.644 [0.414, 1.036] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.