分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
燕魟科 (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的. 熱帶
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the China seas. Possibly in Thailand (Ref. 9918). Reported from India (Ref. 45255).
西北太平洋: 日本南部到中國海。 可能地在泰國.(參考文獻 9918) 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 57.0, range 55 - 59 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 637)
Inhabits sandy or muddy bottom in shallow waters (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic animals. Spines covered with skin with poisonous glands. Ovoviviparous. Used as 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637). Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets.Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).
棲息於沙的或在淺水區中的泥底部.(參考文獻 11230) 吃底棲的動物。 棘用毒腺覆蓋著皮膚了。 卵胎生的。 用作了 'kamaboko' 材料。 (參考文獻 637)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to ~3 pups; born between 20-22 cm WD (Ref.58048). 西北太平洋: 日本南部到中國海。 可能地在泰國.(參考文獻 9918) 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人類使用
漁業:
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1500 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
