Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; sötvatten; brackvatten bentopelagisk; katadrom (Ref. 5259); djupintervall 0 - 4 m (Ref. 127764). Temperate; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 2060); 37°S - 44°S
Oceania: southeast Australia, including Tasmania.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2906); common length : 17.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2906)
Found in streams and estuaries. Inhabits slow-flowing water around log snags, under over-hanging banks or among leaf litter (Ref. 5259, 44894). Adult fish migrate downstream to spawn in weedy estuaries from late April to August (Ref. 5259). Feeds on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, worms and fishes (Ref. 5259, 44894). Often buries itself in the substrate to ambush passing prey. A highly efficient osmo-regulator, able to withstand direct transfer from salt to fresh water without any indication of stress. Good eating, but too small to be considered a prime angling target (Ref. 44894).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Akvarium: Kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).