Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar; payau bentopelagis; katadromus (ruaya dari air tawar ke laut) (Ref. 5259); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 4 m (Ref. 127764). Temperate; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 2060); 37°S - 44°S
Oceania: southeast Australia, including Tasmania.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2906); common length : 17.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2906)
Found in streams and estuaries. Inhabits slow-flowing water around log snags, under over-hanging banks or among leaf litter (Ref. 5259, 44894). Adult fish migrate downstream to spawn in weedy estuaries from late April to August (Ref. 5259). Feeds on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, worms and fishes (Ref. 5259, 44894). Often buries itself in the substrate to ambush passing prey. A highly efficient osmo-regulator, able to withstand direct transfer from salt to fresh water without any indication of stress. Good eating, but too small to be considered a prime angling target (Ref. 44894).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).