Parophrys vetulus, English sole : fisheries, gamefish

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Espèces associées
- Espèces pour
  Parophrys
- Espèces pour
  Pleuronectidae
- - Classification -
- Pleuronectinae
- Pleuronectidae
- Pleuronectiformes
- Teleostei
- Chordata
- Animalia

Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854

English sole

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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050

This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

Parophrys vetulus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

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Image of Parophrys vetulus (English sole)

Parophrys vetulus
Picture by Redman, M.T.

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
More on author: Girard.

Issue
Hybridizes with Platichthys stellatus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 61°N - 28°N, 163°E - 114°W

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: from Russia to Agattu Island, north to Nunivak Island, Alaska, then South to Mexico, Baja California, Mexico.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 31.0, range 30 - 32 cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 6885); 57.0 cm TL (female); common length : 33.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 56527); poids max. publié: 1.5 kg (Ref. 56527); âge max. reporté: 22 années (Ref. 55701)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 72 - 92; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 45 - 70; Vertèbres: 41 - 44. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Pectorals inclined to be pointed.

Adults inhabit sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feed on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Spawning adults make extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborateurs

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 September 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui

FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs

Ecology
Écologie

Population dynamics
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires

Distribution
Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Surface branchiale
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
Génétique
Heterozygosity
Héritabilité

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Noms communs
Synonymes
Morphologie
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References
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Sources Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 3.4 - 8.3, mean 5.6 °C (based on 245 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00358 - 0.00924), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 4.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (tm=3; tmax=22; K=0.24; Fec=150,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): High.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 34.1 [13.5, 59.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.135, 0.520] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.5, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.180, 0.751] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [10.8, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.24 [1.95, 35.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.428 [0.290, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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