Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 30 - 70 m (Ref. 13608). Subtropical; 43°N - 33°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda through the Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Most abundant member of the genus Haemulon along the eastern coast of Florida (Ref. 26938).
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 14.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 11824); common length : 18.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. publicado: 85.60 g (Ref. 118626)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 13; Raios dorsais (total) : 15; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 9. Silvery white with a mid-lateral yellow stripe running from eye to a large round black spot at base of caudal fin; a second narrower yellow stripe on back above lateral line (Ref. 13442).
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Inhabits seagrass beds, sand flats, and patch reefs (Ref. 9710). Forms schools (Ref. 5521). Feeds on small crustaceans, mollusks, other benthic invertebrates, plankton, and algae (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 3798).
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; Aquário: Aquários públicos; isca: usually
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 912 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01247 - 0.01755), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.18-0.35; tmax=9; Fec=29,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.1 [9.4, 83.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.535 [0.250, 1.070] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.3, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.229 [0.108, 0.441] g/100g; Selenium = 10.6 [4.7, 23.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 92.8 [28.4, 309.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.773 [0.465, 1.274] mg/100g (wet weight);
