分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae
Etymology: Hypsophrys: Greek, hypsi = high + Greek, ophrys = eyebrow (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Issue
Species monograph by López (1974), well illustrated. Kullander & Hartel (1997) discussed the nomenclature of Hypsophrys unimaculatus. Reviewed by Bussing (1998: 354), with key, diagnosis, geographical distribution, and figures.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 20. 熱帶; 23°C - 36°C (Ref. 36880)
Central America: Atlantic slope, from the San Juan drainage, including Lake Nicaragua, in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, to the Matina River drainage in Costa Rica.
中美洲: 大西洋斜坡，從桑河胡安流域, 包括湖尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加與尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加的到 Matina 河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 36377); 20.0 cm TL (female)
背棘 (總數) : 18 - 19; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 11; 臀棘: 7 - 8; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9. This species can be distinguished by the dark line running through the middle of the body and the large black blotch positioned midlength; head profile extremely curved with the mouth on the lower part of the head; in males, the scales have dark edges producing a reticulated pattern, their fins with many dark spots, and a red edge to the dorsal fin; both males with iridescent, greenish-blue head and with gold to copper-colored bodies (Ref. 44091).
鑑別的特徵是穿過身體的中央的黑色線條，而且大的黑色斑塊放置了身體中央; 頭部輪廓在頭部的下面部份上非常彎曲的有嘴巴; 在雄性中，鱗片有產生一個網狀的圖案的深色的邊緣, 他們的鰭有許多深色的斑點 , 與背鰭的一個紅色的邊緣; 兩者都雄性有彩虹色又藍綠色的頭部與和金色到銅-色彩的身體.(參考文獻 44091)
Inhabit lakes and rivers with slow to moderate currents, between 5 to 200 m elevation (Ref. 36880). Juveniles feed on aquatic insects, while adults feed on bottom detritus, seeds and leaves. Also naturally feed on snails and other mollusks, but will accept a variety of food in captivity (Ref. 44091). Maximum length 25 cm TL (Ref. 2060).
在 5 到 200 公尺海拔之間, 棲息於湖與河水流緩慢到中等的地方。 (參考文獻 36880) 稚魚吃水生昆蟲, 雖然成魚吃底部碎屑，種子與樹葉。 也自然地吃蝸牛與其他的軟體動物, 但是將接受多種食物在繁殖場.(參考文獻 44091) 最大的長度 25 公分TL.(參考文獻 2060)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Deposits eggs in sand depressions. Produces about 200-400 non adhesive eggs with females practicing communal care during the post spawning period (an unusual behavior referred to as "creching", Ref. 44091). A group of 3 or 4 females stand guard over their combined spawns, encircling the expanded group and do not allow any intruders or predators into the rearing arena.中美洲: 大西洋斜坡，從桑河胡安流域, 包括湖尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加與尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加的到 Matina 河流域。
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 June 2019
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01064 - 0.04934), b=3.07 (2.89 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
