Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 500 m (Ref. 4510), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 60°N - 35°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (rare) to Senegal including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Also throughout the Mediterranean except Black Sea. South African species thought to be the same as population in the northeast Atlantic (Ref. 4313).
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4510); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2683); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 5. Dark spot often on spinous dorsal (Ref. 4313).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Solitary and sedentary over rocky, sandy or muddy bottoms. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref.4570).
Hureau, J.-C. and N.I. Litvinenko, 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 1211-1229. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol 3. (Ref. 4570)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 11.1 - 18, mean 14.4 °C (based on 189 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.01134 - 0.01532), b=3.01 (2.97 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.08; tmax=25;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53 [28, 142] mg/100g; Iron = 0.883 [0.451, 1.747] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.655 [0.288, 1.774] g/100g; Selenium = 36.4 [15.7, 91.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.6 [5.5, 56.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.797 [0.547, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.