Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; não migratória; intervalo de profundidade 20 - 500 m (Ref. 4510), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 60°N - 35°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (rare) to Senegal including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Also throughout the Mediterranean except Black Sea. South African species thought to be the same as population in the northeast Atlantic (Ref. 4313).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4510); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 2683); peso máx. publicado: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 9; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 5. Dark spot often on spinous dorsal (Ref. 4313).
Solitary and sedentary over rocky, sandy or muddy bottoms. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref.4570).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Hureau, J.-C. and N.I. Litvinenko, 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 1211-1229. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol 3. (Ref. 4570)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.1 - 18, mean 14.4 °C (based on 189 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.01129 - 0.01539), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.08).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53 [28, 142] mg/100g; Iron = 0.883 [0.451, 1.747] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.655 [0.288, 1.774] g/100g; Selenium = 36.4 [15.7, 91.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.6 [5.5, 56.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.797 [0.547, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.