分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Sarmarutilus: Derived from the Sarmatic Sea, or Lago Mare, an ancient central European inner freshwater sea where this monotypic genus probably has its evolutionary roots..
More on author: Bonaparte.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: 20 - ?. 亞熱帶的; 10°C - 27°C (Ref. 2059); 47°N - 38°N, 7°E - 22°E
Europe: Tyrrhenian slope from Magra to Bussento drainages, Adriatic slope from Chienti to Trigno drainages and Ofanto drainage in Italy. Introduced in southern Italy and Sicily; part of range on Adriatic slope and southernmost localities on Tyrrhenian slope possibly results from introductions.
歐洲: 阿爾巴尼亞，克羅埃西亞，義大利，斯洛維尼亞與黑賽哥維那波士尼亞共和國。 記錄來自希臘了。 (參考文獻 27708)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 96829)
背的軟條 (總數) : 11; 臀鰭軟條: 12. Formerly placed under Rutilus and cannot be treated under Rutilus and Lecos by the following diagnostic characters: pharyngeal teeth formulae, 5-5; presence of prominent tubercles at the center of each scale of the body and on the head in breeding males; lateral stripe masked by heavy pigmentation on flanks formed by well marked crescent triangular spot on scales; and shape not found in all species of Rutilus and Lecos (Ref. 96829).
Inhabits streams with moderate current, shallow, sand or gravel bottom, and limited aquatic vegetation (Ref. 59043). Prefers running waters and is not well adapted in still waters (Ref. 96829). Occurs in groups. Feeds on small molluscs and crustaceans, insects and algae. Spawns in clear, shallow water, on gravel and aquatic vegetation on sunny days (Ref. 59043). Attains a maximum size of about 18 cm SL (Ref. 59043), but reported not to exceed 16 cm SL (Ref. 96829). Threatened due to the introduction of other species and habitat destruction. Can colonize lakes in the absence of specialized lacustrine species (Ref. 26100).
居住於河的一個長命的種但是也能移殖至湖不屬於僅棲息於湖泊的魚種。 吃無脊椎動物與植物。 受到威脅的由於其他魚種的引入與棲息地破壞。 產卵在四月與五月。 (參考文獻 26100)
A single female usually spawns with 2-5 males (Ref. 59043). Multiple spawner (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 阿爾巴尼亞，克羅埃西亞，義大利，斯洛維尼亞與黑賽哥維那波士尼亞共和國。 記錄來自希臘了。 (參考文獻 27708)
Bianco, P.G. and V. Ketmaier, 2014. A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 3481(3):379-402. (Ref. 96829)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00603 - 0.01380), b=3.22 (3.10 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=9; K=0.12; tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
