Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range					
						Ekologi					
				
				
				
					laut pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243). Subtropical				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas.
				
				
			
			
				
					Size / Weight / umur
				
				
				
					Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 55763); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 55763)				
				 
			
			
						
				
				
				
					Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 27 - 34; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 25 - 34. Body cylindrical and elongate; possessing an oblong cephalic disk with 14 to 17 transverse laminae; cranium depressed (supporting cephalic disk); dorsal fin with 27 to 44 rays; first gill arch with fewer than 21 gill rakers; body entirely white to pale blue (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Found on the body and inside gill chamber of billfishes and swordfishes, rarely on any other fishes (Ref. 2850); also in the gill cavities and mouths of sharks (Ref. 5951).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva				
				
				
				
								
				
			
			 
				
				
				
					Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						Status IUCN Red List   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					ancaman kepada manusia  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					penggunaan manusia  				
				
				
									
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
Alat, peralatan
				
			
			
			
				
laporan khas
 
				
			
			
			
				
muat turun XML
				
			
			
			
				
					Sumber internet
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (Acuan 
123201): 7.9 - 28.1, mean 23.4 °C (based on 1998 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Acuan 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5352   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00110 - 0.00600), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Trophic level  (Acuan 
69278):  3.5   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						Daya lenting  (Acuan 
120179):  sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Assuming Fec < 10,000).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 
🛈					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 39.6 [12.5, 119.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.45, 6.66] mg/100g; Protein = 3.95 [0.22, 7.80] %; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.593] g/100g; Selenium = 27.7 [6.4, 78.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.37 [2.13, 20.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.752 [0.368, 1.431] mg/100g (wet weight);