Environment: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / distribution range					
						Ecologie					
				
				
				
					marien pelagic-oceanic; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243). Subtropical				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas.
				
				
			
			
				
					Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
				
				
				
					Maturiteit: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55763); common length : 25.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55763)				
				 
			
			
						
				
				
				
					Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 27 - 34; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 25 - 34. Body cylindrical and elongate; possessing an oblong cephalic disk with 14 to 17 transverse laminae; cranium depressed (supporting cephalic disk); dorsal fin with 27 to 44 rays; first gill arch with fewer than 21 gill rakers; body entirely white to pale blue (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Found on the body and inside gill chamber of billfishes and swordfishes, rarely on any other fishes (Ref. 2850); also in the gill cavities and mouths of sharks (Ref. 5951).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Levenscyclus en paargedrag					
					Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven				
				
				
				
								
				
			
			 
				
				
				
					Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Gevaar voor de mens  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
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					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (Ref. 
123201): 7.9 - 28.1, mean 23.4 °C (based on 1998 cells).
				
				
					
					Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex  (Ref. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5352   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00110 - 0.00600), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Trofisch niveau  (Ref. 
69278):  3.5   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						Weerstandsvermogen  (Ref. 
120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Assuming Fec < 10,000).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 
🛈					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 39.6 [12.5, 119.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.45, 6.66] mg/100g; Protein = 3.95 [0.22, 7.80] %; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.593] g/100g; Selenium = 27.7 [6.4, 78.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.37 [2.13, 20.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.752 [0.368, 1.431] mg/100g (wet weight);