分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468)
West-Africa: Niger, Bénoué, Ouémé, Senegal (Ref. 2880, 5331, 7248, 81279), Ouémé (unconfirmed, Ref. 81279), Chad (Ref. 2880, 5331, 81279). Also found in the Volta (Ref. 5331, 81279) and Mono rivers (Ref. 81279). Lower Guinea: Cross and Sanaga basins (Ref. 80290). Widespread throughout the Congo River basin (Ref. 4910, 41585, 41594, 42510, 45616, 52070, 89725, 106290). Also reported from Nile, Omo, Zambezi, Limpopo, Rovuma, Shire, Rufiji, Ruaha, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Rukwa (Ref. 2880, 80290), Lake Albert (Ref. 4903) and Lake Kariba (Ref. 27602), Malagarazi, Okavango and lower reaches of coastal systems south to the Pongolo (Ref. 7248).
非洲: 尼日/Benoue ， Oueme ，塞內加爾，尼羅河， Omo ，剛果， Lufira ，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ， Zambeze ，凌波波河， Rovuma ，海岸， Rufiji ， Ruaha ， Wami 與 Ruvu。 湖 - Bangweolo ， Moero ，坦噶尼喀， Upemba ，魯誇與 Malagarazi。 也奧塔萬戈河與海岸系統的下游南至澎哥洛河。 (參考文獻 7248) 也發現於卡裡巴湖。 (參考文獻 27602)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 39.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 105 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 74.0 cm FL (female); 最大体重: 28.0 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 2754)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 10; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 15. Diagnosis: large fang-like teeth overlapping the jaws when the mouth is closed; gill-rakers long, about equal to the length of gill filaments; body generally > 22% of SL (Ref. 28714). 43-53 scales in lateral line; 2 scale rows between lateral line and scaly process at pelvic-fin bases; eye < 70% of interorbital space (Ref. 2880, 81279). Dorsal-fin origin at about same level as pelvic-fin insertions (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279). Gill rakers few (5-9/9-12) but rather long (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279), about equal to the length of gill filaments (Ref. 28714). Tips of adipose and dorsal fins black; forked edge of caudal fin black (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279). Dark caudal fin coloration may also extend unto median caudal rays, forming crescent-shaped blotch (Ref. 80290, 81279). Dark longitudinal streaks present above the lateral line (Ref. 28714).
身体轮廓比较不细长超过 H. forskalii. 眼 <70% 的眼间隔。 长的鳃耙。 脂鳍与背鳍黑色的顶端。 尾鳍黑色的分叉边缘。
Prefers warm, well-oxygenated water, mainly larger rivers and lakes; all but the largest form roving schools of like-sized fish; aptly described as fierce and voracious; diet increasingly piscivorous, becoming exclusive fish feeders when above 90-100 mm length; feeds on whatever prey is most abundant but Brycinus, Micralestes, Barbus, and Limnothrissa are favored (Ref. 7248, 52193). Piscivorous, but may also eat Caridina and insects (Ref. 28714). Useful food fish in some areas (Ref. 4967).
偏爱温暖的,溶氧量高的水, 主要比较大的河川与湖泊。 所有的除了最大的形式之外游动鱼群相似的-大小了鱼; 适当地描述为凶猛而狼吞虎咽的。 吃任何的猎物是最丰富的但是 Brycinus ， Micralestes ， Barbus 与 Limnothrissa 被偏爱.(参考文献 7248) 在一些地区的有用食用鱼.(参考文献 4967)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
非洲: 尼日/Benoue ， Oueme ，塞內加爾，尼羅河， Omo ，剛果， Lufira ，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ， Zambeze ，凌波波河， Rovuma ，海岸， Rufiji ， Ruaha ， Wami 與 Ruvu。 湖 - Bangweolo ， Moero ，坦噶尼喀， Upemba ，魯誇與 Malagarazi。 也奧塔萬戈河與海岸系統的下游南至澎哥洛河。 (參考文獻 7248) 也發現於卡裡巴湖。 (參考文獻 27602)
Paugy, D. and S.A. Schaefer, 2007. Alestidae. p. 347-411. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) Poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée, ouest de l'Afrique centrale/The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, west-central Africa. Vol. 1. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Istitut de recherche pour le développement, Paris, France, Muséum nationale d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royale de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. 800 p. (Ref. 80290)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00866 - 0.01388), b=3.01 (2.95 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 (3.0 - 5.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20-0.30; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.1 [24.4, 163.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.47 [0.76, 3.56] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.4, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.462 [0.179, 1.253] g/100g; Selenium = 75 [30, 165] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.6 [9.0, 102.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.887 [0.602, 1.339] mg/100g (wet weight);
