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Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050); Red Sea and East Africa to the Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan (Ref. 9710), south to northern Australia. 印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到索羅門群島, 北至日本南部 (參考文獻 9710), 南至澳洲北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm20.3, range 21 - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58048)
A colorful stingray with large bright blue spots on an oval, elongated disc and with blue side-stripes along the tail; snout rounded and angular, disc with broadly rounded outer corners, and tail stout, tapering and less than twice body length when intact, with a broad lower caudal finfold reaching the tail tip; disc with no large thorns but with small, flat denticles along midback (in adults); usually 1 medium-sized sting on tail further behind base than in most stingrays (Ref. 5578). Grey-brown to yellow, olive-green or reddish brown dorsally, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). 一個色彩鮮豔的魟有大的在一個橢圓形又瘦長的體盤上的淡藍色斑點而且有藍色的側邊-斑紋沿著尾部; 吻圓形而有角的, 體盤有寬廣圓形的外角, 與尾部矮胖的, 尖端細的而且小於兩倍體長當完整無缺的時候, 具有一個達到尾部頂端的寬的下尾部的鰭褶; 體盤沒有大的刺但是有小又平坦的細齒沿著背部中央;(當成魚時) 通常在尾部上的 1個中等大小的刺在基底更後方超過在大部分的魟中.(參考文獻 5578) 灰褐色到黃色的﹐橄欖綠色的或紅褐色的背面, 腹側白色的.(參考文獻 5578)
Occurs around coral reefs (Ref. 6871, 58534). Migrates in groups into shallow sandy areas during the rising tide to feed on mollusks, worms, shrimps, and crabs; disperses on falling tide to seek shelter in caves and under ledges (Ref. 6871). Rarely found buried under the sand (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Small specimens are popular among marine aquarists (Ref. 5578). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951). Maximum length about 70 cm TL (Ref. 30573). Reports of specimens reaching 240 cm TL are probably inaccurate (Ref. 6871). Commonly caught by fisheries operating over shallow coral reefs and probably adversely affected by dynamite fishing. Utilized widely for its meat (Ref.58048). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942.
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears up to 7 young (Ref. 5578, 12951).印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到索羅門群島, 北至日本南部 (參考文獻 9710), 南至澳洲北部。
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.5 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 3112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00350 - 0.03435), b=3.12 (2.87 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
