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Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050); Red Sea and East Africa to the Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan (Ref. 9710), south to northern Australia. 印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到索羅門群島, 北至日本南部 (參考文獻 9710), 南至澳洲北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm20.3, range 21 - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 58048)
A colorful stingray with large bright blue spots on an oval, elongated disc and with blue side-stripes along the tail; snout rounded and angular, disc with broadly rounded outer corners, and tail stout, tapering and less than twice body length when intact, with a broad lower caudal finfold reaching the tail tip; disc with no large thorns but with small, flat denticles along midback (in adults); usually 1 medium-sized sting on tail further behind base than in most stingrays (Ref. 5578). Grey-brown to yellow, olive-green or reddish brown dorsally, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). 一个色彩鲜艳的 有大的在一个椭圆形又瘦长的体盘上的淡蓝色斑点而且有蓝色的侧边-斑纹沿着尾部; 吻圆形而有角的, 体盘有宽广圆形的外角, 与尾部矮胖的, 尖端细的而且小于两倍体长当完整无缺的时候, 具有一个达到尾部顶端的宽的下尾部的鳍褶; 体盘没有大的刺但是有小又平坦的细齿沿着背部中央;(当成鱼时) 通常在尾部上的 1个中等大小的刺在基底更后方超过在大部分的 中.(参考文献 5578) 灰褐色到黄色的，橄榄绿色的或红褐色的背面, 腹侧白色的.(参考文献 5578)
Occurs around coral reefs (Ref. 6871, 58534). Migrates in groups into shallow sandy areas during the rising tide to feed on mollusks, worms, shrimps, and crabs; disperses on falling tide to seek shelter in caves and under ledges (Ref. 6871). Rarely found buried under the sand (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Small specimens are popular among marine aquarists (Ref. 5578). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951). Maximum length about 70 cm TL (Ref. 30573). Reports of specimens reaching 240 cm TL are probably inaccurate (Ref. 6871). Commonly caught by fisheries operating over shallow coral reefs and probably adversely affected by dynamite fishing. Utilized widely for its meat (Ref.58048). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942.
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears up to 7 young (Ref. 5578, 12951).印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到索羅門群島, 北至日本南部 (參考文獻 9710), 南至澳洲北部。
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.5 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 3112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00350 - 0.03435), b=3.12 (2.87 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
