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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish; 1601 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 2 - 25 m (Ref. 58302). Tropical; 36°N - 35°S, 30°E - 123°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Sodwana Bay, South Africa (Ref. 5490) and east to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay, Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 12.6, range 11 - 14.8 cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 125599); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 1.8 kg (Ref. 125599); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 5 έτη (Ref. 13619)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: median predorsal scales 4; 2 scale rows on cheek, 1(5-7), 2(4-7); pectoral-fin rays 13-15 (usually 14); female usually 1 conical tooth on side of upper dental plate, terminal male with single tooth on side of lower dental plate, lips largely covering dental plates; caudal fin slightly emarginate in small female to deeply emarginate in large TP male. Colour of male green to pale brownish with salmon pink or bluish scale margins, a lavender-grey snout, bluish to lavender caudal fin and the nuptial male with a brilliant yellow body; female overall reddish brown to grey, usually pale snout (Ref. 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabit reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 25 m depth (Ref. 1602). Found over corals (Ref. 5213, 58652). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Initial-phase fish stage usually form small feeding schools (Ref. 2334). Graze on benthic algae (Ref. 3488). Secrete a mucus cocoon (Ref. 1602).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 130160)
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 2928 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01287 - 0.01864), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.35; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.3 [39.0, 112.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.12 [0.74, 1.78] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.6, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0906 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 25.9 [15.1, 44.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.9 [7.2, 99.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.66 [1.95, 3.62] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
