分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
丫髻鮫科 (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads (See ETYFish); tiburo: From tiburon, Spanish for shark, a name given by 16th- and 17th-century navigators to one or more large species of shark (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Issue
Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 80 m (Ref. 244). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 36°S, 121°W - 32°W (Ref. 55302)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, U.S to Belize. Species complex with Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488).
西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西南部, 包括古巴與巴哈馬。 加勒比海與墨西哥灣; 稀有的在百慕達群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到厄瓜多。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 85.0, range 80 - 90 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 26248)
Front of head semicircular in outline. No other hammerhead has front of head in semicircle. (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
頭部前端半圓的輪廓。 沒有其他的 hammerhead 在半圓形中有頭部前端。 (參考文獻 26938).
Found on the continental and insular shelves, on inshore and coastal areas, over mud and sand bottoms, also on coral reefs. Often occur in shallow water including estuaries, shallow bays and over coral reefs (Ref. 9987). Spends night time hours on shallow grass flats, searching for nocturnally active invertebrate prey, moves into deeper water during the day (Ref. 27549). Adults feed mainly on crustaceans, also on bivalves, octopi, and small fish. However, this is the first shark species to demonstrate omnivorous digestive strategy (Ref. 118574). It has been shown through digestability analyses that bonnetheads have enzymes that can digest seagrass organic matter with at least moderate efficiency (Ref. 118574). Viviparous, with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm. Not territorial. Always occurs in small groups. Considerable sexual segregation occurs. Shows diel rhythm of activity. Utilized for human consumption and processed for fishmeal.
在沿海地區與沿岸區域上，棲息於大陸棚與島嶼棚了, 在泥與沙底部之上, 也在珊瑚礁上。 時常出現於淺水區包括河口，淺灣中與在珊瑚礁之上.(參考文獻 9987) 主要吃甲殼動物, 也在二枚貝，章魚與小魚上。 胎生的,6 到 9個幼魚每胎。 出生時的大小大約 35 到 40 公分。 不是具有領域性。 總是形成小群魚群。 相當多的性別異形性出現。 顯示活動的日週期性節律。 供人類食用而且加工成魚粉。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm.西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西南部, 包括古巴與巴哈馬。 加勒比海與墨西哥灣; 稀有的在百慕達群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到厄瓜多。
Gonzalez, C., B. Postaire, W. Driggers, S. Caballero and D, Chapman, 2024. Sphyrna alleni sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5512(4):491-511. (Ref. 132488)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 02 July 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 21.8 - 28, mean 25 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5006 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00116 - 0.00361), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.17-0.34; tm=3; tmax=12; Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.95 [1.35, 35.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.372 [0.090, 1.111] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [19.1, 23.4] %; Omega3 = 0.115 [0.044, 0.282] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [4.2, 49.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [4.9, 59.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.24, 1.15] mg/100g (wet weight);
