分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads (See ETYFish); tiburo: From tiburon, Spanish for shark, a name given by 16th- and 17th-century navigators to one or more large species of shark (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Issue
Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 80 m (Ref. 244). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 36°S, 121°W - 32°W (Ref. 55302)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, U.S to Belize. Species complex with Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488).
西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西南部, 包括古巴與巴哈馬。 加勒比海與墨西哥灣; 稀有的在百慕達群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到厄瓜多。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 85.0, range 80 - 90 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 12 年 (Ref. 26248)
Front of head semicircular in outline. No other hammerhead has front of head in semicircle. (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
头部前端半圆的轮廓。 没有其他的 hammerhead 在半圆形中有头部前端。 (参考文献 26938).
Found on the continental and insular shelves, on inshore and coastal areas, over mud and sand bottoms, also on coral reefs. Often occur in shallow water including estuaries, shallow bays and over coral reefs (Ref. 9987). Spends night time hours on shallow grass flats, searching for nocturnally active invertebrate prey, moves into deeper water during the day (Ref. 27549). Adults feed mainly on crustaceans, also on bivalves, octopi, and small fish. However, this is the first shark species to demonstrate omnivorous digestive strategy (Ref. 118574). It has been shown through digestability analyses that bonnetheads have enzymes that can digest seagrass organic matter with at least moderate efficiency (Ref. 118574). Viviparous, with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm. Not territorial. Always occurs in small groups. Considerable sexual segregation occurs. Shows diel rhythm of activity. Utilized for human consumption and processed for fishmeal.
在沿海地区与沿岸区域上，栖息于大陆棚与岛屿棚了, 在泥与沙底部之上, 也在珊瑚礁上。 时常出现在浅水区包括河口，浅湾与在珊瑚礁之上.(参考文献 9987) 主要捕食甲壳动物, 也在二枚贝，章鱼与小鱼上。 胎生的, 6 到 9个幼鱼每胎。 出生时的大小大约 35 到 40 公分。 不是具有领域性。 总是形成小群鱼群。 相当多的性别异形性出现。 显示活动的日周期性节律。 供人类食用而且加工成鱼粉。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm.西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西南部, 包括古巴與巴哈馬。 加勒比海與墨西哥灣; 稀有的在百慕達群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到厄瓜多。
Gonzalez, C., B. Postaire, W. Driggers, S. Caballero and D, Chapman, 2024. Sphyrna alleni sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5512(4):491-511. (Ref. 132488)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
濒危 (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 02 July 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 21.8 - 28, mean 25 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5006 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00116 - 0.00361), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (K=0.17-0.34; tm=3; tmax=12; Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.95 [1.35, 35.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.372 [0.090, 1.111] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [19.1, 23.4] %; Omega3 = 0.115 [0.044, 0.282] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [4.2, 49.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [4.9, 59.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.24, 1.15] mg/100g (wet weight);
