Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 2 - 25 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 33°N - 0°N, 98°W - 29°W
Western Atlantic: southern Florida, USA and Bermuda to northern South America. East to St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 12; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 21 - 25; Raggi anali molli: 21 - 25. Prominent barbel at tip of lower jaw. Dorsal fin preceded by 8-13 well-spaced, isolated spines (Ref. 26938)
Commonly found in weedy areas and especially around reefs, where they usually swim snout-down among sea whips (gorgonians). A solitary ambusher of small fishes and crustaceans that lurk among branching coral or gorgonians. Often swims behind large herbivorous fishes to sneak up on prey. Mouth opens to diameter of body to suck in prey (Ref. 9710). Marketed locally. Has been traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic eggs (Ref. 101194).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 657 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00098 (0.00052 - 0.00183), b=3.29 (3.11 - 3.47), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.8 [13.8, 63.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.768 [0.366, 1.504] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.1, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.07, 0.30] g/100g; Selenium = 27 [12, 64] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.3 [6.3, 79.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.571 [0.345, 0.951] mg/100g (wet weight);
