Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 0 - 70 m (Ref. 13608). Tropical; 12°N - 13°S, 82°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Brazil.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5217)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 3; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 29; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 23 - 25; فقرات: 36 - 38. Head depressed, trunk compressed; molariform teeth on both jaws; no venomous gland on any spine; body brownish dorsally with black diffuse mottlings, pale ventrally; lateral line pores distinct with white spots; fin membranes black distally (Ref. 13608).
Inhabits littoral (subtidal) waters; usually found on sandy or rock bottom; large fish may be found in waters less than 1 m of depth hiding in crevices or caves (Ref. 3273). Feeds mostly on molluscs and crustaceans. Reported to be moderately abundant and regularly consumed by fishermen (Ref. 50841). Eggs are deposited on the shells of mollusks and on stones. One of the very few marine fishes that guards fry and juveniles. It is caught in traps and special types of hooks (garrapinos) (Ref. 50841). Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
One of the few marine fishes that provide posthatching care. Males actively guard free-swimming juveniles in burrows (Ref. 13442, 101618). Males may mate more than once a year (Ref. 101618).
Collette, B.B., 1978. Batrachoididae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3273)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.9 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 130 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00180 - 0.01212), b=3.12 (2.90 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.5 [24.7, 81.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.492 [0.297, 0.979] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.108 [0.064, 0.188] g/100g; Selenium = 38.2 [20.3, 75.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 99.4 [33.8, 276.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.82, 1.61] mg/100g (wet weight);
