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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Franz Steindachner (1834–1919) was an Austrian zoologist who specialised in herpetology and ichthyology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 1 - 10 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 11°N - 9°S, 46°W - 62°W
Western Atlantic: Guyana to northern Brazil.
Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9626); common length : 45.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3702)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 21 - 24; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 2; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 10 - 12. Colour greyish above, whitish below. Dorsal fin dusky, upper margin of pectoral fins orange, pelvic fins and anal fin pale, caudal fin grey with a dark margin. Inside of mouth orange. Mouth large, distinctly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Tip of upper jaw without enlarged canines. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with only 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins much shorter than pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of medium-sized, nearly straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin almost entirely covered with small scales (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Mostly in brackish water swamps along the coasts; also entering freshwaters (Ref. 3702). Feeds on fish, shrimps and sometimes plants (Ref. 35237). Spawning takes place in the open sea. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: آزمايشي
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 26.7 - 28.4, mean 27.7 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00386 - 0.01791), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 3.3 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.6 [48.9, 162.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.858 [0.433, 1.558] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.082, 0.271] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [24.9, 91.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.7, 33.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.84, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
