分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Franz Steindachner (1834–1919) was an Austrian zoologist who specialised in herpetology and ichthyology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 10 m (Ref. 3702). 熱帶; 11°N - 9°S, 46°W - 62°W
Western Atlantic: Guyana to northern Brazil.
西大西洋: 對 Belem 巴西的蓋亞那。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 21 - 24; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12. Colour greyish above, whitish below. Dorsal fin dusky, upper margin of pectoral fins orange, pelvic fins and anal fin pale, caudal fin grey with a dark margin. Inside of mouth orange. Mouth large, distinctly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Tip of upper jaw without enlarged canines. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with only 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins much shorter than pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of medium-sized, nearly straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin almost entirely covered with small scales (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
颜色略灰色的上方, 腹面略白的。 背鳍暗色的, 胸鳍的上缘橘色的, 腹鳍与臀鳍灰白的, 尾鳍灰色的具有一个深色边。 在嘴之内橘色的。 嘴大的﹐明显斜, 下颌突出的。 没有增大的犬齿的上颌的顶端。 没有触须或孔的下巴。 只吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 胸鳍远短于腹鳍。 气鳔有一对中等大小的﹐几乎是直的﹐和像触角一样的前肢。 背鳍的柔软部位几乎完全地覆盖着小鳞片 (参考文献 51721)了。
Mostly in brackish water swamps along the coasts; also entering freshwaters (Ref. 3702). Feeds on fish, shrimps and sometimes plants (Ref. 35237). Spawning takes place in the open sea. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
大部份在半淡咸水沼泽中沿着海岸; 也进入淡水。 (参考文献 3702) 吃鱼，虾与有时植物.(参考文献 35237) 产卵发生于开放海域。 重要的食用鱼.(参考文献 3702)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 對 Belem 巴西的蓋亞那。
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 实验的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 26.7 - 28.4, mean 27.7 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00386 - 0.01791), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.3 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.6 [48.9, 162.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.858 [0.433, 1.558] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.082, 0.271] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [24.9, 91.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.7, 33.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.84, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
