Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)
Pink salmon
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Female Immagine di Østergaard, T.
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Female Immagine di Østergaard, T.
Classificazione / Nomi Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); gorbuscha: gorbuscha which is the Russian name for this fish in Alaska (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); gorbuscha: gorbuscha which is the Russian name for this fish in Alaska (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione Ecologia
marino; acqua dolce; salmastro demersale; anadromo (Ref. 132363); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550). Subtropical; ? - 21°C (Ref. 12741); 79°N - 32°N, 117°E - 120°W (Ref. 117423)
Distribuzione Territories | Aree FAO | Ecosistemi | Presenze | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Introduzioni | Faunafri
Arctic and Pacific drainages from Mackenzie River delta, Northwest Territories, Canada to Sacramento River drainage, in California, USA; occasionally as far as La Jolla, southern California; also in northeast Asia (Ref. 86798). On Asia side, from North Korea to Jana and Lena drainages in Artic Russia. In Bering Sea north of about 40°N and from Bering Strait northeast to Point Barrow and northwest to Lena estuary (Ref. 59043). Introduced elsewhere. Occasionally hybridizes with Oncorhynchus keta producing fertile offspring (Ref. 28983).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 45.0, range 40 - 50 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 86798); common length : 50.5 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 12193); peso massimo pubblicato: 7.0 kg (Ref. 57875); Età massima riportata: 3.00 anni (Ref. 27547)
Max length : 76.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 86798); common length : 50.5 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 12193); peso massimo pubblicato: 7.0 kg (Ref. 57875); Età massima riportata: 3.00 anni (Ref. 27547)
Breve descrizione Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 10 - 15; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 11 - 19; Vertebre: 63 - 72. Distinguished by the presence of large black spots on the back and on both lobes of the caudal fin; the young have no parr marks (Ref. 27547). Body fusiform, streamlined, somewhat laterally compressed; moderately, deeper in breeding males (Ref. 1998). Mouth terminal, normally very little oblique but greatly deformed in breeding males, with lower jaw enlarged, turned up at tip, mouth unable to close (Ref. 1998). Adipose fin large; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are steel blue to blue-green on the back, silver on the sides and white on the belly; large oval spots present on the back, adipose fin and both lobes of the caudal fin (Ref. 27547). Breeding males become dark on the back, red with brownish green blotches on the sides; breeding females are similar but less distinctly colored (Ref. 27547). Differs from Oncorhynchus mykiss by having the following unique characters: anal fin with 11-15½ (usually 13½ ) branched rays; 177-240 scales in midlateral row; 26-33 gill rakers; large mature males with enormous hump; juveniles lacking parr marks; and lacking pink to red stripe on flank (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
An anadromous species which inhabits ocean and coastal streams (Ref. 5723, 86798). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Pelagic at the sea. In freshwater, lives in Montane and Piedmont rivers with moderate to fast current and gravel bottom. Spawns in riffles or at head of riffles in shallow water with current up to 1.5 m/s, and clean coarse gravel (Ref. 59043). Spends 18 months at sea after which spawning migration to the natal river or stream occurs; but because the species is less certain of its homing and there is a certain degree of wandering, streams as much as 640 km from natal streams may be used (Ref. 1998, 27547). Upon emerging from the gravel, fry immediately move downstream and remain inshore for a few months before going out to sea. Fry may feed on nymphal and larval insects while in fresh water, but may not feed at all. In the sea, young feed on copepods and larvacean tunicates, its diet shifting to amphipods, euphausiids and fishes as the fish grows (Ref. 27547). Other food include ostracods, decapod larvae, cirripeds, tunicates, dipterous insects (Ref. 1998, 27547). Fry may be preyed upon by birds and mammals while adults by marine mammals and large fish (Ref. 1998). Mostly sold canned (Ref. 1998) but also utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; also valued for caviar, especially in Japan; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). The smallest of the true salmon (Ref. 12218).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Adults develop secondary sexual characteristics during their upstream migration (Ref. 1998), which occurs any time from June to late September, depending on location (Ref. 27547). Male develop a humpback, an enlarged head and large teeth on both jaws that form a pronounced hooked type (Ref. 59043). The upstream run seems to be triggered by high water (Ref. 27547). Female builds the redd by lying on one side and using its tail, it displaces silt and light gravel to produce a deep trough. Male spends most of the time driving off intruding males. When the redd is completed, the female drops into it, followed immediately by the male. They open their mouths, vibrate and release eggs and sperm. In some cases, several males spawn with a single female. The eggs are then covered as the female digs a new redd at the upstream edge of the previous one. Adults live up to a few weeks after spawning before they die (Ref. 1998, 27547). Reported to die 10-20 days after spawning (Ref. 59043). About 1200-1800 eggs are laid. After hatching and the yellow egg yolk is absorbed, if the hatchling doesn't have a parr mark they go to the ocean and come again to the same birthplace stream the next year during spring after growing for 16-18 months. Survival rates are low, at 1-25% (taken from a Canadian river) (Ref. 12218). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).
Riferimento principale
Caricare le referenze | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 July 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
FAO - pesca: sbarchi, profilo della specie; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Informazioni ulteriori
Ecologia trofica
Articoli alimentari (prede)
Alimentazione
Consumo di cibo
Razioni alimentari
Predatori
Articoli alimentari (prede)
Alimentazione
Consumo di cibo
Razioni alimentari
Predatori
Dinamica della popolazione
Parametri di crescita
Età massima / dimensioni massime
Rapporto lunghezza-peso.
Lunghezza-lunghezza rel.
Lunghezza-frequenze
Conversione di massa
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Parametri di crescita
Età massima / dimensioni massime
Rapporto lunghezza-peso.
Lunghezza-lunghezza rel.
Lunghezza-frequenze
Conversione di massa
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Ciclo di vita
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturità/Gli occhielli sono relativi.
Fecondità
Deposizione
Aggregazioni riproduttive
Uova
Sviluppo delle uova
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturità/Gli occhielli sono relativi.
Fecondità
Deposizione
Aggregazioni riproduttive
Uova
Sviluppo delle uova
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Anatomia
Area branchiale
Cervello
Otolite
Area branchiale
Cervello
Otolite
Fisiologia
Composizione corporea
Nutrienti
Consumo di ossigeno
Tipo di nuoto
Velocità di nuoto
Pigmenti visivi
Suono del pesce
Malattie e parassiti
Tossicità (LC50)
Composizione corporea
Nutrienti
Consumo di ossigeno
Tipo di nuoto
Velocità di nuoto
Pigmenti visivi
Suono del pesce
Malattie e parassiti
Tossicità (LC50)
Legato all'uomo
Sistemi di acquacoltura
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Casi di Ciguatera
Francobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Sistemi di acquacoltura
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Casi di Ciguatera
Francobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Strumenti
Quiz organico | Libro elettronico | Giuda pratica | Chiavi di identificazione | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti |
Cattura-MSY |
Rapporti speciali
Controllo della manutenzione dell'acquario | Verificare la presenza di schede informative sulle specie | Verifica delle schede informative sull'acquacoltura
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genere, Specie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pesca: sbarchi, profilo della specie; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Database Nazionali | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, ricerca | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Record zoologico
Stime basate su modelli
Temperatura preferita (Fonte Biblio. 123201): 0.5 - 9.3, mean 3.3 °C (based on 572 cells).
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00639 - 0.02064), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (tm=2; tmax=3; Fec=800).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Nutrienti (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 45.6 [17.1, 112.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.61, 2.52] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 1.17 [0.59, 2.42] g/100g; Selenium = 186 [56, 609] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [3.4, 44.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.496 [0.313, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.