Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Chinook salmon : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)

Chinook salmon
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Oncorhynchus tshawytscha   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Male Foto de McDowall, R.M.

Clasificación / Nombres Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); tshawytscha: tshawytscha which is the vernacular name of this species in Kamchatka (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.

Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución Ecología

marino; agua dulce; salobre bentopelágico; anadromo (Ref. 132363); rango de profundidad 0 - 375 m (Ref. 58426). Temperate; 0°C - 25°C (Ref. 35682); 71°N - 27°N, 136°E - 112°W (Ref. 54251)

Distribución Territorios | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Mapa de puntos | Introducciones | Faunafri

Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Pacific: drainages from Point Hope, Alaska to San Joanquin and King rivers in California, USA (Ref. 86798). Also in Honshu, Japan (Ref. 6793), Sea of Japan (Ref. 1998), Bering Sea (Ref. 2850) and Sea of Okhotsk (Ref. 1998). Found in Coppermine River in the Arctic. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad

Madurez: Lm 82.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9258); peso máximo publicado: 61.4 kg (Ref. 27547); edad máxima reportada: 9 años (Ref. 12193)

Descripción breve Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 10 - 14; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 13 - 19; Vértebra: 67 - 75. Distinguished by the small black spots on the back and on the upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin, and the black gums of the lower jaw (Ref. 27547). Body fusiform, streamlined, noticeably laterally compressed in large adults, somewhat deeper than other species (Ref. 6885). Gill rakers wide-spaced and rough; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are dark greenish to blue black on top of head and back, silvery to white on the lower sides and belly; numerous small, dark spots along back and upper sides and on both lobes of caudal; gum line of lower jaw black (Ref. 27547). In fresh water, with the approach of the breeding condition, the fish change to olive brown, red or purplish, the color change being more marked in males than in females (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Adults return to natal streams from the sea to spawn (Ref. 27547). Fry may migrate to the sea after only 3 months in fresh water, some may stay for as long as 3 years, but generally most stay a year in the stream before migrating (Ref. 27547). Some individuals remain close inshore throughout their lives, but some make extensive migrations (Ref. 27547, 44894). Also found in lakes (Ref. 1998). Possibly up to 375 m depth (Ref. 6793). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Food in streams is mainly terrestrial insects and small crustaceans; in the sea, major food items include fishes, crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref. 27547). Young are preyed upon by fishes and birds (such as mergansers and kingfishers); adults are prey of large mammals and large birds (Ref. 1998). Highly regarded game fish (Ref. 27547). Flesh is usually red, but some are white; the red meat commands a higher price (Ref. 27547). Marketed fresh, smoked, frozen, and canned. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Viscera said to contain high vitamin A content and used successfully as food for hatchery fish (Ref. 28971, 28977).

Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Adults migrate up to 4,827 km upstream to spawn (Ref. 6850). Migration from the sea begins in December so that the the first fish are near river mouths by spring (Ref. 27547). Once a female selects a spot, she begins to dig a nest, driving away other females during the period of nest building. The female is attended by a larger, dominant male and several smaller males who drive away other males. While the female digs the nest, the male courts her by coming to rest beside her and quivering; by swimming about over her, touching her dorsal fin with his body and fins; and occasionally nudging her side gently with his snout (Ref. 28978). Upon completion of the nest, the female drops into it and is immediately joined by the dominant male. The fish open their mouths, vibrate, and eggs and sperm are released. At this point smaller males may dart into the nest and release sperm. The female then quickly moves to the upstrem edge of the nest and begins to dig. The eggs are covered and a new nest is made. The whole process is repeated until the female releases all her eggs, which may take several days. The male then leaves the female and may mate with another female. The female guards the nest for as long as she can. Spent adults usually die a few days after spawning. (Ref. 1998, 27547). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

Referencia principal Suba sus referencias | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 September 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Amenaza para el ser humano

  Potential pest (Ref. 12257)





Usos humanos

Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si; Acuario: Acuarios públicos
FAO - Sistemas de acuicultura: producción; pesquerías: desembarques, perfil de la especie; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Ecología Trófica
Alimentos (presas)
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Raciones de comida
Despredadores
Ecología
Ecología
Dinámica de la población
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Edades / tallas máximas
Longitud-peso rel.
Longitud-longitud rel.
Longitud-frecuencias
Conversión de masas
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Ciclo de vida
Reproducción
Madurez
Madurez/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Agregaciones de desove
Huevos
Desarrollo de los huevos
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Distribución
Territorios
Áreas FAO
Ecosistemas
Ocurrencias, apariciones
Introducciones
BRUVS - Vídeos
Anatomía
Superficie branquial
Cerebro
Otolito
Fisiología
Composición corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Pigmentos visuales
Sonido de peces
Enfermedades y parásitos
Toxicidad (CL50)
Genética
Genoma
Genética
Heterocigosidad
heritabilidad
Diversidad genética
Relacionados con el ser humano
Sistemas de acuicultura
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Sellos, monedas, varios
Divulgación
Colaboradores
Taxonomía
Nombres comunes
Sinónimos
Morfología
Morfometría
Imágenes
Referencias
Referencias

Herramientas

Cuestionario orgánico | Libro electrónico | Guía de campo | Claves de identificación | Asistente para frecuencias de tallas | Herramienta de ciclo de vida | Mapa de puntos | Catch-MSY |

Informes especiales

Comprobar el mantenimiento del acuario | Buscar fichas sobre especies | Consulte las hojas informativas sobre acuicultura

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Página de resumen | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | fotos

Fuentes de Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Especie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Sistemas de acuicultura: producción; pesquerías: desembarques, perfil de la especie; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de datos nacionales | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acuarios públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Árbol de la vida | Wikipedia: Go, búsqueda | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Expediente Zoológico

Estimaciones basadas en modelos

Temperatura preferida (Referencia 123201): 0.7 - 8, mean 3.5 °C (based on 561 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00488 - 0.02245), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278):  4.4   ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179):  Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (tm=4; tmax=9; Fec=4,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 10 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). 🛈
Categoría de precios (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrientes (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 18.6 [7.8, 45.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.749 [0.406, 1.458] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 1 [0, 2] g/100g; Selenium = 261 [84, 762] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.3 [4.2, 51.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.467 [0.323, 0.915] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.