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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Echeneidae (Remoras)
Etymology: Phtheirichthys: Greek, ptheiros, a fish that parasites other + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
marino pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. Western Atlantic: South Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern South America (Ref. 7251). Western Central Pacific: Guam (Ref. 35720).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 2850)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 32 - 38; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 31 - 38. Bluish black above, white below; 3 stripes along sides (upper pale blue, middle black, lower silvery).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Rare (Ref. 4389), oceanic species. Most often found attached to barracudas but also to other fishes and sea turtles. Clings to body of host and also found inside gill chambers.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Echeneidae. p. 662-664. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4389)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 20.9 - 29.1, mean 26.9 °C (based on 39944 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00110 - 0.00600), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Assuming Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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