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Carangiformes (Jacks) > 
Echeneidae (Remoras)						
							
							Etymology: Phtheirichthys: Greek, ptheiros, a fish that parasites other + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
						
					
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range					
						ນິເວດວິທະຍາ					
				
				
				
					ສັດທະເລ pelagic-oceanic; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍໃນສະເພາະມາະຫາສະມຸດ (Ref. 51243);  ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters.  Western Atlantic:  South Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern South America (Ref. 7251).  Western Central Pacific:  Guam (Ref. 35720).
				
				 
			
			
				
					ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
				
				
				
					ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 76.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2850)				
				 
			
			
						
				
				
				
					ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 32 - 38; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 31 - 38. Bluish black above, white below; 3 stripes along sides (upper pale blue, middle black, lower silvery).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Rare (Ref. 4389), oceanic species.  Most often found attached to barracudas but also to other fishes and sea turtles.  Clings to body of host and also found inside gill chambers.			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ				
				
				
				
								
				
			
			 
				
				
				
					Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Echeneidae. p. 662-664. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4389)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Threat to humans  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
									
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
ເຄື່ອງມື
				
			
			
			
				
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					ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
123201): 20.9 - 29.1, mean 26.9 °C (based on 39944 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
82804):  PD
50 = 1.0039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00110 - 0.00600), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
120179):  ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Assuming Fec < 10,000).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 
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