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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Guichenot.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 10 - 180 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 45°N - 22°S, 25°W - 20°E
Eastern Atlantic: Spain and Portugal to Henties Bay, Namibia (Ref. 11228). Also from the western Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 231) and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5535). Records in eastern Mediterranean are questionable (Ref. 57855, Ref. 113897).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5535); common length : 60.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5535); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 7.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 10 - 13; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 17 - 20. Grey violet color, abdomen light (Ref. 5377).
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on zoobenthos and zooplankton (Ref. 5535). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 5535.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Ben-Tuvia, A. and R. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 858-864. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 5535)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.1 - 24.4, mean 19 °C (based on 81 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00856 - 0.02031), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.18;).
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 50.5 [12.0, 100.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.485, 1.769] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.182, 0.545] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [19.5, 66.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.02 [3.64, 21.40] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.636 [0.453, 0.909] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.